Not all hacking is evil. Ethical hacking reveals security weaknesses or flaws in your computing setups. This Cheat Sheet provides you with quick references to tools and tips, and alerts you to commonly hacked targets — information you need to make your ethical hacking efforts easier.
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Ethical Hacking Tools You Can't Live Without
As a professional ethical hacker, your toolkit is the most critical item you can possess — other than hands-on experience and common sense. Your hacking tools should consist of the following (and make sure you're never caught on the job without them):
Password cracking software, such as ophcrack and Proactive Password Auditor
Network scanning software, such as SuperScan and Nmap
Network vulnerability scanner, such as LANguard and QualysGuard
Network analyzer software, such as OmniPeek and AirMagnet WiFi Analyzer
File search software, such as FileLocator Pro and Identity Finder Professional
Web application vulnerability scanner, such as Acunetix Web Vulnerability Scanner and WebInspect
Database security scanner, such as SQLPing3 and AppDetectivePro
Exploit software, such as Metasploit
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Common Security Weaknesses that Hackers Target
Ethical hackers should know the common security weaknesses that hackers and malicious users first check for when hacking into networks and applications. Security flaws, such as the following, should be on your checklist when you perform your tests:
Gullible and overly trusting users
Unsecured building and computer room entrances
Discarded documents that have not been shredded and computer disks that have not been destroyed
Network perimeter with no firewall
Poor, inappropriate, or missing file and share access controls
Unpatched systems
Web applications with weak authentication mechanisms
Wireless systems running with default settings and without WEP, WPA, or WPA2 enabled
Laptop computers and smartphones with no drive encryption and/or power-on passwords
Weak or no application, database, and operating system passwords
Firewalls, routers, remote access, and dialup devices with default or easily guessed passwords
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Commonly Hacked Ports
Common ports, such as HTTP (80), are likely well secured — but other ports may get overlooked and be vulnerable to hackers. In your ethical hacking tests, be sure to check these commonly hacked TCP and UDP ports:
TCP port 21 - FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
TCP port 23 - telnet
TCP port 25 - SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
TCP and UDP port 53 - DNS (Domain Name System)
TCP ports 80 and 443 - HTTP (Hypertext Transport Protocol) and HTTPS (HTTP over SSL)
TCP port 110 - POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3)
TCP and UDP port 135 - Windows RPC
TCP and UDP ports 137–139 - Windows NetBIOS over TCP/IP
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Tips for Successful Ethical Hacking
Whether you're performing ethical hacking against a customer's systems or your own, you must be prudent and pragmatic to succeed. These tips for ethical hacking can help you succeed as an information security professional:
Get permission in writing to perform your tests.
Set goals and develop a plan before you get started.
Have access to the right tools for the tasks at hand.
Test at a time that's best for the business.
Keep the key players in the loop during your testing.
Understand that it's not possible to detect every security vulnerability.
Study malicious hacker and rogue insider behaviors and tactics. The more you know about how the bad guys work, the better you'll be at testing your systems for security vulnerabilities.
Don't overlook nontechnical security issues; they're often exploited first.
Make sure that all your testing is aboveboard.
Treat other people's confidential information at least as well as you would treat your own.
Bring vulnerabilities you find to the attention of management and implement the appropriate countermeasures.
Don't treat every vulnerability discovered in the same manner. Not all weaknesses are bad. Evaluate the context of the issues found before you declare that the sky is falling.
Show management and customers that security testing is good business. Ethical hacking is an investment to meet business goals, find what really matters, and comply with the various laws and regulations, not silly hacker games.
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Tools and Resources for Ethical Hacking
Hackers are constantly updating their tools and finding new resources, so you need to keep your ethical hacking toolkit up to date, as well. Following is a sampling of some good tools and resources for ethical hacking. For more, visit the complete list of tools and resources, which covers Bluetooth, certifications, databases, Linux, laws and regulations, password cracking, and much more.
Brutus (messaging tool)
Cain & Abel (messaging tool)
GFI LANguard (network tool)
Google Hacking Database (Web application resource)
Metasploit (exploit tool)
NetStumbler (wireless network tool)
OmniPeek (wireless network tool)
ophcrack (password cracking tool)
QualysGuard (Windows tool)
RainbowCrack (password cracking tool)
SecureIIS (system hardening tool)
Wireless Vulnerabilities and Exploits (wireless network tool)
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Source:http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/hacking-for-dummies-cheat-sheet.html
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