After data has been collected, the first step in analyzing it is to crunch out some descriptive statistics to get a feeling for the data. For example:
Where is the center of the data located?
How spread out is the data?
How correlated are the data from two variables?
The most common descriptive statistics are in the following table, along with their formulas and a short description of what each one measures.
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Source:http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/understanding-formulas-for-common-statistics.html
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