In the case of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) scopes, exclusions can help you to prevent IP address conflicts and can enable you to divide the DHCP workload for a single subnet among two or more DHCP servers.
An exclusion is a range of addresses that are not included in a scope. The exclusion range falls within the range of the scope’s starting and ending addresses. In effect, an exclusion range lets you punch a hole in a scope. The IP addresses that fall within the hole won’t be assigned.
Here are a few reasons for excluding IP addresses from a scope:
The computer that runs the DHCP service itself must usually have a static IP address assignment. As a result, the address of the DHCP server should be listed as an exclusion.
Some hosts may not be able to support DHCP. In that case, the host will require a static IP address. For example, you may have a really old MS-DOS computer that doesn’t have a DHCP client. By excluding its IP address from the scope, you can prevent that address from being assigned to any other host on the network.
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Source:http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/network-administration-scope-exclusions.html
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