Standard: Most point-and-shoot cameras come with a focal length in the neighborhood of 35mm. This focal length is appropriate for the kinds of snapshots most people take.
Wide-angle: Lenses that have short focal lengths. A short focal length has the visual effect of making the subject appear smaller and farther away from you.
Telephoto: Lenses that have long focal lengths. A long focal length seems to bring the subject closer to you and increases the subject’s size in the frame.
Cameras that offer a zoom lens enable you to vary focal length. When you zoom in, the focal length increases; when you zoom out, it decreases.
A few cameras come with specialty focal-length features:
Dual lenses: Usually provide both a standard, snapshot-oriented focal length and a telephoto focal length.
Macro mode: Permits close-up photography.
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Source:http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/using-the-right-focal-length-to-take-pictures-with.html
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