You don’t always have to include all of the scene or subject in your image. Sometimes you can create a much more interesting image by leaving things out. When photographing your dog, cropping creatively can really bring certain details to light.
For example, instead of photographing Lucky head on standing in the grass with her ball, try getting a shot of just her back end from the side so you can capture her wagging tail. Or maybe zoom in just to get a detail of her dirty paws, leaving the viewer to guess how she got them.
You can also leave an area around your subject that’s completely void of any elements and is only one color. When you do, you’re using negative space.
You can use this technique when you have distracting elements in your frame or you simply want to add extra emphasis to the subject. You can position your camera so that you have your subject in one of your thirds with negative space filling up the rest of the frame.
The opposite of using negative space is filling the frame. You use this technique to create an up-close and personal sense of being there. If you want your subject to really shine, consider eliminating the background elements altogether and zooming in close for a more intimate photo.
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Source:http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/choose-what-to-leave-in-and-what-to-leave-out-of-d.html
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