When problems arise on a Windows network, you can use the following utilities to do your troubleshooting. Having a clear understanding of all of them will help you on the A+ Certification exam.
ipconfig: Display basic TCP/IP configuration, such as IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.
ipconfig /all: Display TCP/IP settings, including your Media Access Control (MAC) address, domain name system (DNS) server, and lease information.
ipconfig /release: Release your IP address.
ipconfig /renew: Renew your IP address.
ping <IP address> or ping <host name>: Send four test messages to the IP address or host name you specify; verify whether the other system is up and running.
netstat: Display TCP/IP protocol statistics and connection information. Can be used to see who is connected to your system; what ports are open; and if you use an -o switch, what the process ID is of the program that opened the port.
nbtstat: Troubleshoot NetBIOS over TCP/IP. For example, you can view a remote NetBIOS name table using nbtstat -a <IP address>.
nslookup: Troubleshoot DNS problems. For example, you can get a listing of all the records in DNS using nslookup.
arp: Troubleshoot ARP. For example, you can use arp -a to view your Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache.
Tasklist: View a list of running processes.
Taskkill /PID <pid> /F: Terminates a process when you supply the process id.
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Source:http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/windows-network-troubleshooting-utilities-for-the-.html
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