Understanding the Types of Brokerage Firms

Choosing a broker to help you in your online investing means deciding what kind of broker you need. Self-service brokers — those used most by online investors — are commonly grouped into three baskets: deep discounters, discounters, and premium discounters. The full-service traditional brokerages suggest investments, analyze your portfolio, and offer estate-planning services.


Double-check brokers’ fees before signing up — they change frequently. Also remember that some brokers might charge lower commissions if you pay a monthly subscription fee, meet certain balance thresholds, or hold other types of accounts in addition to the brokerage account.


Deep discounters: Trading for $5 or less


When you sign up for a deep discounter, you’re on your own. Leaders include the following:



  • BUYandHOLD: For $14.99 a month, you can place as many trades as you like, or for $6.99 a month, you can place two free trades. At those prices, the trades are queued up and carried out during one of three trading sessions over the course of the day.



  • FolioInvesting: The Basic plan lets you trade stocks for a low price of $4 as long as you’re okay if the trades aren’t executed right away, but instead, during two “windows” during the day.



  • ShareBuilder: This site’s discounted $4 orders aren’t executed immediately, but rather, pooled and filled once a week.



  • SogoTrade: If you plan to be a serious trader, SogoTrade lets you download software to your computer.



  • TradeKing: This broker offers you the ability to write checks against cash balances (for a fee), access to company news and research reports, and a straightforward flat-fee commission of $4.95. It’s geared largely for active investors who might exceed trading limits imposed by free offers from Zecco and want instant access to customer support on the phone.



  • Zecco: The $0 commission is hard to beat if price is what matters most to you. Trades are free as long as you place fewer than ten trades a month and maintain an account balance of $25,000.




Discounters: Trading for $5.01 to $10


If the thought of being completely on your own makes you nervous but you’re not willing to give up low-cost commissions, the discount brokers sit in the sweet spot for you:



  • Charles Schwab: Schwab kicked off the industry’s latest round of price cutting in early 2010 when it lowered its per-trade commission to a flat rate of $8.95 from $12.95.



  • E*TRADE: E*TRADE targets active traders with computer software such as MarketTrader, which lets you enter trades that will trigger automatically based on rules you set ahead of time. But E*TRADE offers beginners access to stock research from six providers and the ability to shift cash to a checking or high-yield savings account.



  • Fidelity: For years, Fidelity was a premium-priced online brokerage, but that changed in early 2010 when it answered Schwab’s price cut and slashed its commission even lower than Schwab’s, to $7.95.



  • OptionsXpress: Options trades can get mind-numbingly complicated, and some are best known by exotic names like butterflies, straddles, and strangles. OptionsXpress helps traders place these complex trades with easy-to-follow Web screens and systems to help track the profit or loss.



  • Scottrade: Its $7 commissions are low, but you still get access to branches, and it also has a separate service for active traders.



  • TD AMERITRADE: This brokerage’s low-cost roots are eroding, as its $9.99-per-trade commission is now more than what most its major rivals charge. But investors who trade frequently during the day like TD AMERITRADE’s bonus PC software trading tools.



  • thinkorswim: The brokerage makes itself a little different by offering to pay for your Internet connection, up to $39.95 a month, if you trade 40 times or more a month. It also offers three free mutual fund transactions a month.



  • TradeMonster: Its $7.50-a-trade commission is compelling, and the site offers a variety of tools to help active traders.



  • Vanguard: The first 25 trades you make in a year are a competitive $7 if you have less than $50,000 in your account. After you trade 25 times, trades jump to $20.




Premium discounters: Trading for $10 or more


Premium online brokers aren’t the cheapest, and you can expect to pay $10 or more for stock trades:



  • Ameriprise: If you’re looking for access to professional help for all your financial questions, open an account with Ameriprise and expect to get calls from financial planners offering help.



  • Bank of America: Bank of America offers self-service brokerage fees with commissions starting at $14. Be careful, though, because the bank will hit you with a $50 fee twice a year if you don’t have other accounts with it.



  • Wells Fargo: Wells Fargo’s self-service stock commissions start at $19.95. But if you keep at least $25,000 in your accounts, you can get up to 100 free trades a year.




Full-service traditional brokers


Full-service brokers pride themselves on being part of your team of “people” who you call on routinely for advice. Services that these firms provide include



  • Constant stock recommendations



  • Access to initial public offerings



  • Availability of other financial services




But before you get too excited about the extra services that traditional full-service brokers may provide, you also have downsides to consider, such as high cost, and potential conflicts of interest.




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