Medieval History For Dummies

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Great Dates in Medieval History

Famine, plague and public execution – the medieval period wasn’t the best time for some, but heroic rulers like Charlemagne, William the Conqueror and Henry V made sure that it was full of action. Here are the key dates for the big events of the medieval period.

Date in Middle Ages	What Happened in Medieval History
c. AD 450	The first Anglo-Saxons arrive in England.
476	Romulus Augustulus is deposed; the Western Roman Empire ends.
496	Clovis the Frank converts to Christianity.
597	Augustine of Canterbury begins to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity.
638	Jerusalem falls to Islamic forces.
711	Tarik-Ibn-Ziyad begins the Muslim conquest of Spain.
751	Pippin III becomes the first Carolingian king.
c. 790	The Vikings begin raiding Ireland.
800	Charlemagne is crowned as the first Holy Roman Emperor.
827	Islamic forces invade Sicily.
843	The Treaty of Verdun splits the Frankish kingdom into three parts, creating modern France and Germany along the way.
863	The Eastern Church and the papacy in Rome split in the First Great Schism.
c. 870	The Vikings discover Iceland.
871	Alfred becomes the king of Wessex.
909	Charles the Simple grants lands around Rouen to Viking settlers, beginning the Norman civilisation in France.
987	Louis V, the last Carolingian king, dies. Hugh Capet begins the Capetian line of French kings.
1016	Cnut of Denmark becomes king of England.
1066	William of Normandy invades England; the Battle of Hastings takes place.
1095	Pope Urban II preaches the First Crusade.
1097	The First Crusade arrives at Constantinople.
1099	The First Crusade recaptures Jerusalem and establishes the kingdom of Outremer.
1147–48	The Second Crusade fails to make any gains and is forced to retreat from Damascus.
1189	The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa ends in failure when he drowns in Asia Minor.
1190–91	The Third Crusade pits Richard I against Saladin.
1204	The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople.
1215	King John agrees to the Magna Carta, weakening the authority of the English crown.
1291	The city of Acre falls, and the kingdom of Outremer ends.
1324	Marsilius of Padua criticises the papacy in the Defensor pacis.
1337	The Hundred Years’ War begins.
1346	The Battle of Crecy is fought during the Hundred Years’ War.
1348	The Black Death hits Europe.
1381	The Peasants’ Revolt happens in England.
1415	The Battle of Agincourt is fought during the Hundred Years’ War.
1431	Joan of Arc is executed by the English after leading the French recovery during the Hundred Years’ War.
1453	The French recover Gascony; the Hundred Years’ War ends. The Ottoman Turks capture Constantinople; the Byzantine Empire ends.
1470	Leonardo da Vinci begins work as a professional artist in Florence as the Italian Renaissance gathers pace.
1492	Christopher Columbus discovers America.

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The Medieval World Geographical Area

When historians talk about the Middle Ages and a view of the medieval world, they are generally talking about events that took place in and around modern-day Europe and a few adjacent areas, as this figure shows.

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