The C programming language is fast and versatile. You can use just 32 keywords and some fairly intuitive symbols to do comparisons and conversions. Then you get to numeric data and math symbols, which are pretty much as you expect as well.
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C Language Comparison Symbols
If you’re writing programs in C, you need to use comparison symbols. The symbols C uses, their meanings, and examples are shown in the following table:
| Symbol | Meaning or Pronunciation | “True” Comparison Examples |
|---|---|---|
| < | Less than | 1 < 5 8 < 9 |
| == | Equal to | 5 == 5 0 == 0 |
| > | Greater than | 8 > 5 10 > 0 |
| <= | Less than or equal to | 4 <= 5 8 <= 8 |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | 9 >= 5 2 >= 2 |
| != | Not equal to | 1 != 0 4 != 3.99 |
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C Language Comparisons and Their Opposites
If you’re programming in C — or any other language — you need to use If/Else statements. The comparison symbols you need if you’re working with C and the Else statements they generate are shown in the following table:
| If Comparison | Else Statement Executed By This Condition |
|---|---|
| < | >= (Greater than or equal to) |
| == | != (Not equal to) |
| > | <= (Less than or equal to) |
| <= | > (Greater than) |
| >= | < (Less than) |
| != | == (Equal to) |
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C Language Conversion Characters
When programming in C, you use conversion characters — the percent sign and a letter, for the most part — as placeholders for variables you want to display. The following table shows the conversion characters and what they display:
| Conversion Character | Displays Argument (Variable’s Contents) As |
|---|---|
| %c | Single character |
| %d | Signed decimal integer (int) |
| %e | Signed floating-point value in E notation |
| %f | Signed floating-point value (float) |
| %g | Signed value in %e or %f format, whichever is shorter |
| %i | Signed decimal integer (int) |
| %o | Unsigned octal (base 8) integer (int) |
| %s | String of text |
| %u | Unsigned decimal integer (int) |
| %x | Unsigned hexadecimal (base 16) integer (int) |
| %% | (percent character) |
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C Language Escape Sequences
Programming in C is fast — all you have to do is type a short sequence of keystrokes — generally just two — to get a tab, a new line, a question mark, and more. The following table shows the sequences you need to accomplish a variety of tasks:
| Sequence | Represents |
|---|---|
| \a | The speaker beeping |
| \b | Backspace (move the cursor back, no erase) |
| \f | Form feed (eject printer page; ankh character on the screen) |
| \n | Newline, like pressing the Enter key |
| \r | Carriage return (moves the cursor to the beginning of the line) |
| \t | Tab |
| \v | Vertical tab (moves the cursor down a line) |
| \\ | The backslash character |
| \’ | The apostrophe |
| \” | The double-quote character |
| \? | The question mark |
| \0 | The “null” byte (backslash-zero) |
| \xnnn | A character value in hexadecimal (base 16) |
| \Xnnn | A character value in hexadecimal (base 16) |
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C Language Keywords
The C programming language has just 32 keywords for you to build robust programs. With only 32 keywords, they all fit nicely into a short table. Use them wisely and well.
| auto | double | int | struct |
| break | else | long | switch |
| case | enum | register | typedef |
| char | extern | return | union |
| const | float | short | unsigned |
| continue | for | static | void |
| default | goto | sizeof | volatile |
| do | if | signed | While |
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C Language Numeric Data Types
When programming with C, keywords and variables go together like the 4th of July and fireworks, although with a bit less drama. The following table shows C keywords, their variable types, and their ranges:
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C Language Mathematical Symbols
Programming math functions with C is fairly straightforward: a plus sign works like any sixth-grader knows it should and does addition. The mathematical symbols and the function they serve in C are shown in the following table:
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Source:http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/c-for-dummies-cheat-sheet0.html
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