New to programming in Python? No worries. Whether you're working with string methods or built-in functions in Python, this Cheat Sheet helps you program the correct order for the operation so you achieve the correct result.
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Python String Methods
The following list shows you how to perform common string methods, or actions on a string, in Python. Type the specific order to achieve the desired result.
| Syntax | Action |
|---|---|
| S.count(substring[, start[, end]]) | Count occurrences of substring |
| S.decode([encoding]) | Decode to Unicode using default encoding |
| S.encode([encoding]) | Encode from Unicode using default encoding |
| S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) | True if S ends with suffix |
| S.find(substring [,start [,end]]) | Find first occurrence of substring and return its index number; if not found, return -1 |
| S.index(substring [,start [,end]]) | Find first occurrence of substring and return its index number; if not found, raise ValueError |
| S.isalnum() | True if S has only alphanumeric characters |
| S.isalpha() | True if S has only alphabetic characters |
| S.isdigit() | True if S has only digits |
| S.isspace() | True if S has only whitespace characters |
| S.join(iterable) | Using S as a separator, stick together the strings in iterable |
| S.lower() | Convert S to lowercase |
| S.lstrip([chars]) | Remove whitespace (or chars) from front (left) of S |
| S.replace (old, new[, count]) | Replace old (a substring) with new |
| S.rfind(substring [,start [,end]]) | Find the last (rightmost) occurrence of substring and return its index number; if not found, return -1 |
| S.rindex(substring [,start [,end]]) | Find the last (rightmost) occurrence of substring and returns its index number; if not found, raise ValueError |
| S.rstrip([chars]) | Remove whitespace (or chars) from end (right) of S |
| S.split([separator [,maxsplit]]) | Split S using whitespace (or separator) and return a list of substrings |
| S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) | True if S starts with prefix |
| S.strip([chars]) | Remove characters at beginning and end of S; default is whitespace characters |
| S.upper() | Convert S to uppercase |
| Note: String methods that change a string always return a copy; the original string remains unchanged. |
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Python's Built-In Functions
Built into the Python interpreter are a number of functions (pieces of code that carry out specific operations and return the results of those operations), including math functions other than the standard arithmetic operators. Here's a list of Python's built-in functions along with their pattern and corresponding action:
| Syntax | Action |
|---|---|
| abs(number) | Return absolute value of number |
| all(iterable) | Return True unless at least one element is false |
| any(iterable) | Return False unless at least one element is true |
| chr(integer) | Return the character with the specified ASCII value (must be between 0 and 256) |
| delattr(object, name), del x.y | Delete the named attribute from object |
| dir([object]) | Return the names in the current namespace or object's namespace |
| eval(source[, globals[, locals]]) | Execute source as a Python expression |
| getattr(object, name[, default]) x.y | Return specified attribute (name) of object, raising AttributeError if not found; optional: return default if name doesn't exist |
| globals() | Return dict of global names in the current namespace |
| hasattr(object, name) | True if object has the specified attribute (name) |
| isinstance(object, class-or-type) | True if object is an instance of the specified class (or its subclasses) or type; optional: specify multiple classes or types using a tuple |
| issubclass(C, B) | True if class C is a subclass of class B; optional: specify multiple classes using a tuple |
| iter(iterable) | Return an iterator over iterable |
| len(object) | Return number of items in a sequence or dict |
| locals() | Return dictionary of local names in the current namespace |
| max(iterable), max(a, b, c, ...) | Return largest item of iterable or argument list |
| min(iterable), min(a, b, c, ...) | Return smallest item of iterable or argument list |
| ord(char) | Return the ASCII value of a one-character string |
| range([start,] stop[, step]) | Return a list of integers from 0 up to (but not including) stop |
| raw_input([prompt]) | Return a string from standard input (usually something the user types), not including the newline character |
| repr(object) | Return canonical string representation of object |
| round(number[, ndigits]) | Return floating-point number rounded to nearest integer |
| setattr(object, name, value) x.y = v | Set object's attribute to the specified value |
| sorted(iterable[, cmp [, key [, reverse]) | Return a new sorted list; optional: cmp and key take functions as arguments; reverse=True |
| sum(iterable[, start=0]) | Return the sum of all elements of iterable; does not work with strings |
| unichr(integer) | Return a Unicode string corresponding to integer, which must be between 0 and 0x10ffff |
| xrange([start,] stop[, step]) | Return an iterable that generates a range from 0 up to (but not including) stop |
| zip([iter1 [, iter2 [, ...]]]) | Take zero or more iterables and return a list of tuples that group the items at a particular index number; the list returned is the same length as the shortest iterable |
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Source:http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/python-for-dummies-cheat-sheet.html
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